Can Dogs Smell Cancer?

[Crossfire Bulldogs]

Source: SAGE Publications

Can Dogs Smell Cancer?

In a society where lung and breast cancers are leading causes of cancer death worldwide, early detection of the disease is highly desirable. In a new scientific study, researchers present astonishing new evidence that man's best friend, the dog, may have the capacity to contribute to the process of early cancer detection.

In this study which will be published in the March 2006 issue of the journal Integrative Cancer Therapies published by SAGE Publications, researchers reveal scientific evidence that a dog's extraordinary scenting ability can distinguish people with both early and late stage lung and breast cancers from healthy controls. The research, which was performed in California, was recently documented by the BBC in the United Kingdom, and is soon to be aired in the United States.

Other scientific studies have documented the abilities of dogs to identify chemicals that are diluted as low as parts per trillion. The clinical implications of canine olfaction first came to light in the case report of a dog alerting its owner to the presence of a melanoma by constantly sniffing the skin lesion. Subsequent studies published in major medical journals confirmed the ability of trained dogs to detect both melanomas and bladder cancers. The new study, led by Michael McCulloch of the Pine Street Foundation in San Anselmo, California, and Tadeusz Jezierski of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, is the first to test whether dogs can detect cancers only by sniffing the exhaled breath of cancer patients.

In this study, five household dogs were trained within a short 3-week period to detect lung or breast cancer by sniffing the breath of cancer participants. The trial itself was comprised of 86 cancer patients (55 with lung cancer and 31 with breast cancer) and a control sample of 83 healthy patients. All cancer patients had recently been diagnosed with cancer through biopsy-confirmed conventional methods such as a mammogram, or CAT scan and had not yet undergone any chemotherapy treatment. During the study, the dogs were presented with breath samples from the cancer patients and the controls, captured in a special tube. Dogs were trained to give a positive identification of a cancer patient by sitting or lying down directly in front of a test station containing a cancer patient sample, while ignoring control samples. Standard, humane methods of dog training employing food rewards and a clicker, as well as assessment of the dog's behavior by observers blinded to the identity of the cancer patient and control samples, were used in the experiment.

The results of the study showed that dogs can detect breast and lung cancer with sensitivity and specificity between 88% and 97%. The high accuracy persisted even after results were adjusted to take into account whether the lung cancer patients were currently smokers. Moreover, the study also confirmed that the trained dogs could even detect the early stages of lung cancer, as well as early breast cancer. The researchers concluded that breath analysis has the potential to provide a substantial reduction in the uncertainty currently seen in cancer diagnosis, once further work has been carried out to standardize and expand this methodology.

This study was supported by the MACH Foundation (Fairfax, CA), Guide Dogs for the Blind (San Rafael, CA) and Frank and Carol Rosemayr (Kentfield, CA).

The article "Diagnostic Accuracy of Canine Scent Detection in Early and Late Stage Lung and Breast Cancers" can be accessed at no-charge for a limited time on the Integrative Cancer Therapies web site.

[mrsgrubby]

I saw a show on this, it was sooo neat. The dogs really seemed to be able to smell the cells that had gone cancerous.

On that same show was a little boy who was epeleptic (sorry my spelling is so bad) his dog would start barking right before he had a seizure each time. Doctors and scientits were wondering if he could smell soemthing or sense a breating change in the boy or something, but he was always able to alert the parents of an upcoming seizure.

Dogs are just amazing

[D.Schäferhund]

Yup they sure can, there are dogs getting trained for that. i have seen a Schnautzer getting trained for skin cancer.
that was awsome... they even brought in a testperson, and the dog found the cancerous cells.

That is just so amazing, the seizuredogs, too.

[flukespad]

I saw a program on the training of dogs for this and it was amazing.How many lives can now be saved because of this.It's a fantastic idea.

[Shadowkins]

I've seen these reports too and I am a firm believer that dogs know there is a problem way beforehand. It may be their sense of smell...I have heard it said that cancer has a distinct smell to it, so I'm assuming the dogs are picking up on it way ahead of time.

[Barrett]

I saw a show about this too and it was amazing. They put cancer cells in petri dishes and hid them under boxes along with non-cancer ones. The dogs would sniff down the line of boxes and sit when the found the cancer cells. One dog kept sitting by one box without cancer. They tested the person again and found he DID have bladder cancer but they didn't catch it at the hospital. The dog caught it and the person was treated so soon that he made a full recovery in record time.